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Wednesday, October 25, 2006

Hydrocarbons; petroleum through fractional distillation to become:


  1. bitumen [ road surfaces],
  2. lubricating oils [ waxes and polishes ],
  3. diesel [ fuel] ,
  4. paraffin [ aircraft engines ],
  5. naphtha [feedstock for the chemical industry ],
  6. petrol [ fuel in cars ] ,
  7. petroleum gas [ heating and cooking].





ALKANES

  1. saturated compounds.
  2. no c-c double bond.
  3. doest not decolourise aqueous bromine
  4. burn in excess oxygen to give water and CO2
  5. react with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light to form a substitution reaction.



ALKENES



  1. unsaturated compounds
  2. c-c double bond.
  3. general formula ratio of 1:2
  4. decolourises bromine
  5. produces more soot[carbon monoxide,pollutant lai de] than alkanes if incomplete combustion do take place




Cracking is beneficial as they break large alkane/ alkene molecules into smaller ones by heat and that produces hydrogen in the course of reaction.




Main continent in natural gas- Methane.



From bitumen to petroleum gas, the b.p decreases and that's the main reason for the distillation.



Since you left me dead laid here ;
[3:23 PM]